a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Adjacent ribose nucleotide bases are chemically attached to one another in a chain via chemical bonds called phosphodiester bonds. Unlike DNA ...

The sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA. This backbone is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, and defines directionality ...

More information: Adriana Calaça Serrão et al, High-Fidelity RNA Copying via 2′,3′-Cyclic Phosphate Ligation, Journal of the ...

Crucial to all life on Earth, the 15th element of phosphorus remains a real puzzle for astronomers. Specialized space telescopes are needed to shed light on the issue.

RNA is formed by linking molecules of ribose (a monosaccharide) with phosphate groups that bind to four types of nitrogenous ...

In order for these RNA ligases to repair breaks formed by transesterification, the 2’,3’-cyclic-PO 4 and 5’-OH ends must first be “healed”. End-healing entails hydrolysis of the 2’,3’-cyclic phosphate ...

A number of promising approaches involving molecules, stem cells, and inorganic chemistry are possible for the near future.

such as aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate, into the pyrimidine nucleotides cytidine triphosphate (CTP) and uridine triphosphate (UTP). These nucleotides can then be further processed to form the ...

It is essential for bioenergetics (ATP, GTP), metabolic regulation through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, intercellular signaling pathways, cell proliferation (as part of DNA and RNA), and ...

The double helical structure is made of two strands consisting of deoxyribose and phosphate and is held together by bonds ... A short piece of single-stranded RNA about 21 to 23 bases in length that ...